What were Stalins Motives for Soviet expansion, defensive or expansionist Essays

What were Stalins Motives for Soviet expansion, defensive or expansionist Essays What were Stalins Motives for Soviet expansion, defensive or expansionist Paper What were Stalins Motives for Soviet expansion, defensive or expansionist Paper By 1920 the Bolsheviks were in a very weak position and Russia as a whole had to come to terms with its own vulnerability in a hostile world. Stalin decided on the extension of the soviet control to eastern Europe. This policy aimed to protect the interests rather than stirring up world revolution. In other words it was too become defensive rather than aggressive, however the west refused to believe this and still had there minds set that Stalin was planning the spread of world revolution. This is what I will discuss in my essay, was it defensive or expansionist? Firstly Ill look at why the people believed it was expansionist, in other words to spread world communism. Stalin had always believed in communist revolution. This was also seen by Truman which introduced the permanent revolution. This was the belief that Russia would not survive because of conflict between capitalism and communism was inevitable. However at the time Stalin put this too the side as he thought it wasnt important but it wasnt forgotten in the future. One of the main reasons that people believed that Stalin was too expand rather than be defensive was the introduction of Comintern. This was an organisation to factilate contacts between communist groups throughout the world. It encouraged people ( communists) to stir up unrest across Europe. Another significant event to consider which supports this view is the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945. To the west the imposition of communist governments on eastern Europe, the civil war in Greece, where communist were attempting to remove the monarchists, the takeover of Czechoslovakia in 1948 and the soviet blockade of Berlin in 1948-9 were all seen as evidence of Stalins intention to spread communism. One last key reason was Keenan views, he said that foreign threats would mobilise the population in order to secure its own position. However this view by the West and communism was misleading as they based there views on assumptions. They didnt have a understanding of the motives and the reality of the soviet position in 1945. On the other hand some say that Stalins motives appeared to be more defensive. Soviet foreign policy must be seen within the context of western hostility in the USSR, which has existed since its beginning, One reasons people see it as defensive and some solid evidence of this was the buffer zone which was created by Stalin, this was to protect the soviet union from invasion from the west. In 1945 exhaustion occurred due to the war effort and made the USSR concerned to protect its borders, this is an example of defensive Expansion. After the war there was a sense of insecurity and Stalin responded by being defensive, Him and his minister itemised the destruction of towns, villages, industrial complexes and collective farms. This resulted in the soviets being obsessed with security, which is a massive defensive issue and they introduced a zone of satellite states in Eastern Europe. The security could only be safeguard by a ring of buffer states in eastern Europe,e He hoped that other countries would be friendly to the soviet union, he took firm measures to ensure this. It wasnt until later than Stalin insisted on communist regimes in the Stalinist model as a response to a us policy towards the USSR. Shortly after this free elections saw Stalin agree to the Yalta would not guarantee the USSR the security it needed. Greece could be left to the west but eastern Europe was not negotiable. This resulted in the soviet union feeling they deserved the right to impose control of the region to secure its defensive needs. However communism was spread to eastern Europe Overall I believe that the soviet union was bait defensive and a bit expansionist. Soviet foreign policy under Stalin was dominated by the cautions implementation of the defensive strategy to secure the interests of the USSR. However the US government clouded by notions of world communism revolution failed to understand this and they misunderstood the whole situation, and Stalins lack of skills led the Misconceptions around the world.

4 Awful Situations You Might Find Yourself in if You Could Not Hire Online

4 Awful Situations You Might Find Yourself in if You Could Not Hire Online 4 Awful Situations You Might Find Yourself in if You Could Not Hire Online Hiring a writer online is something you reserve for times when your workload is overwhelming or the task is very challenging and you need the extra help. But imagine a world without the option to hire a custom essay writer online. 1. You Don’t Have Time to Do Other More Important Tasks With all you have on your plate there will be times when the work is simply too much. What if you have something important, like the wedding of a close family member, that you are forced to miss because you need to write a paper? What a disappointment that would be to you and your family. 2. You Have so Much Work You Have No Time for a Job How will you pay for expenses and necessities when you are constantly strapped for time due to the demands of school? The reason you are attending college is to have a career and find a job which improves your finances, but how will that workout if you can not afford to eat now because you can not work? 3. You Never Go out You are young, so are your friends. They find time to go out and enjoy life, but you are always stuck at home because of the demands of school. Life should not be all work and no play, which is no life at all. Hiring a custom essay writer online will free up some time for you to relax a little and enjoy life. 4. You Have Sleepless Nights and Suffer from the Insomniac Hangover You know what we are talking about. That feeling you have when you have been up all night, hunched over your desk typing or writing. Then you look up at the clock and suddenly the sun is out again and it is time to attend your first class. That groggy, sleepy, worn out feeling you have as you force yourself through the day, fighting to stay awake and do whatever it is you need to do. Life does not need to be this way. Give yourself permission to skip nights like this and hire a custom essay writer so you can sleep easy. A world without the option to hire online is a scary thought. While it is true that you should not hire a writer online for every task and assignment, the fact that they are available when you need them is a relief. They are there when you are rushed for time and can not edit nor proofread a long, lengthy paper. You know how to perform these tasks, so you are not missing out on experience when you hire online. It’s just that you simply don’t have the time unless you sacrifice other important events in your life. Give yourself some freedom and take care of your social and academic life at the same time and get a little help with that paper. You will be glad you did.

Rwandan genocide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Rwandan genocide - Essay Example They made a clear explanation that this was meant for ethnic distinction. In most cases, they considered the Tutsi to be superior to the rest of the population and replaced the Hutu leaders with the Tutsi. Later in1950s, the Belgians altered their support for the Tutsi elites; they opted to support the Hutus who were the majority. These changes came as a result of several events, it included influential priests who were active politically and were supporting revolution. The second event was the movement of liberation in the Africa and European colonies. The third event was the rebellion from the Tutsi dominated National Rwandese Union (Union Nationale Ruandaise, UNAR). They were against the Belgian rule and supported the monarchy rule. They wanted an immediate independence from the foreigners. The Belgians chose to support the PARMEHUTU (The Party for the Emancipation of the Hutus). In 1959, the Tutsi leader Mwaami Rudahigwa died immediately, the Hutus rose in rebellion killing sever al Tutsis. Those who died were estimated to be ten to one hundred thousand. However, Belgians did not intervene. Several refugees fled the country. In 1961, the Belgians pushed for elections and Gregoire Kayibanda, the leader of PARMEHUTU, came to power as the first president of Rwanda. In the same year, the country was declared independent, and it was granted formally in 1962. In an attempt to regain power, the Tutsi refugees from the neighboring countries organized major attacks between 1961 and 1964. Each attack resulted in a massacre of Tutsis who were still in the country. In 1973, Kayibanda was overthrown by Juvenal Habyarimana, the then Major General of the Army through a military coup. Kayibanda had ruled unfairly and favored Hutus from the southern Rwanda where he came from. This created the difference between the Hutus of the south and those of the northwest. Habyarimana came from the North West. He introduced a quota system in several institutions which included education and the government in an attempt of â€Å"fairness†. He decreed that the Tutsi’s percentage in schools, government offices and military should not be more than the percentage of the Tutsis population which was 9%. A census was organized for the definition of this percentage, and identity cards were re-issued indicating one’s ethnicity. The identity cards were vital tools used during the genocide. In 1990, Rwanda was attacked from the north by rebel group which known as the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF). Its composition was several refugees from the Uganda, Burundi, Tanzania, and Zaire. Fred Rwigyema who was the rebel’s group leader died and was replaced by Paul Kagame who was his close ally from the Ugandan National Resistance Army. Even though most members of the group died due to harsh conditions, the rebels who were disciplined and had appropriate training were a significant threat to the government. According to Lemarchand (2009), the most extreme el ements of the Hutu elite formed Coalition for the Defense of the Republic (CDR). It comprised of the akazu a group that surrounded Habyarimana’s wife Madame Agathe Kanziga. The majority were close family members and friends from Ruhengiri and Gisenyi. They formed civilian militias known as the interahamwe. They had extreme racist ideas and increased fear among the Tutsi. According to Jones, (2010), the Hutu manifesto was published in December 1990 in Kangura newspaper that belonged to

Inkjet Printing Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inkjet Printing Techniques - Essay Example This nozzle is connected to an ink reservoir, and places a singly drop of ink at a definite location on the substrate. A commercial inkjet printer’s head has approximately 300 nozzles per inch in the single column variety, and 600 nozzles per inch in the print head with two columns. All these nozzles can release a droplet of ink simultaneously (Madou 165). A few of the inkjet printer manufacturing companies have been able to produce printers that contain 600 nozzles per inch, in a single column. The inkjet print head is controlled by the software that is supplied by the printer manufacturing company. This software controls a number of parameters, such as ink temperature, ejection speed, print speed and the volume of the ejected drop (Madou 165). Out of the several types of inkjet technologies that are available, Thermal inkjet and Piezo-electric printers are used in mechatronics fabrication. The difference between these is the driving force behind the ink ejection. The principles, upon which these two technologies are based on, are described in the sequel (Madou 165). This method is commonly referred to as a bubble jet. In a thermal inkjet printer, small resistors are utilised to heat a thin ink layer, around 0.1ÃŽ ¼m, at a heating rate of around 100Â ° C/ÃŽ ¼sec to achieve of about 340Â °C. At this temperature, the ink layer is transformed into superheated vapour, which explodes and creates a bubble. This process takes less than 3 ÃŽ ¼ sec. Thereafter, this bubble grows, within 3 to 10 ÃŽ ¼sec, to form an ink drop at the tip of the nozzle. Afterwards, this bubble collapses and the drop descends from the nozzle, within 10 to 20ÃŽ ¼sec, to deposit on the substrate. The collapsed bubble creates a partial vacuum, which causes fresh ink to be drawn into the resistors, in order to form the next bubble at the nozzle. The time taken for a bubble to form at the nozzle is less than 80Â µsec at the operating frequency of 12 kHz. It is to

Multi agency teams work Essay Example for Free

Multi agency teams work Essay Multi-agency teams work together by bringing practitioners from all different sectors and professions within childcare to provide effective and in depth way of working to support children and young people. This includes support of that child or young person’s family. Multi-agency teams work together to ensure the children and young people that require additional support have exactly the right professionals around them to achieve their maximum potential. Assessment may include: ââ€" ªParents and family ââ€" ªPediatrician ââ€" ªEducational Psychologist ââ€" ªSpecialist Teachers for Learning Support, Hearing, Vision, Sensory Impairment, Autism/Complex Communication Difficulties ââ€" ªClinical Psychologist ââ€" ªSpeech and Language Therapist ââ€" ªPhysiotherapist ââ€" ªOccupational Therapist. In addition to parents, one or more of these people may be involved, helping to gain an understanding of children’s communication strengths and needs, and how speech and language can be developed. They can also provide information, advice, guidance and training. If a child needs support from a speech therapist, a social worker, teacher and health worker, then a team of those professionals will be set up, but with the consent of the child, young person and family. Support may include: ââ€" ªSpeech and language therapist ââ€" ªEducational psychologist ââ€" ªPhysiotherapist ââ€" ªOccupational therapist ââ€" ªHealth visitor ââ€" ªSpecialist teachers for Learning Support, Hearing, Vision, Sensory Impairment and Complex communication/Autism These people with specialist knowledge and skills support the people in daily contact with the child. They try to remove barriers to achievement, agree strategies, provide training and identify, and sometimes provide, resources By working together, the team will enable children to make maximum progress and improve the quality and ease of their lives. The members of these teams will share information and support each another so that the child / young person’s needs are met as efficiently and effectively as possible. There are some circumstances where multi-agency teams work together literally in one place. There are other examples where teams may operate virtually- via email/ web cam. The role of a practitioner requires them to meet regularly to discuss the needs of the child or young person in question. This is so they can plan and carry out coordinated, targeted interventions. Development may include: ââ€" ªParents and family ââ€" ªChild minder ââ€" ªEarly Years setting staff such as playgroup leaders, nursery nurses and play/nursery assistants ââ€" ªSchool staff such as teachers, teaching assistants and lunchtime supervisors ââ€" ªConnexions staff ââ€" ªBefore after school care. These people listed above are the people who come into contact with the child in question every day. They apply their training and knowledge to the situation and know how to be good communication partners, and how to provide a good communication environment. They are the ones actively developing the child’s speech and language. They can share ideas about what does and what does not work for individual children. References Worcestershire County Council and Worcestershire. (2011). Effective multi-agency working and collaboration. Available: http://www.worcestershire.gov.uk/cms/speech-language-communication/targeted-s pecialist-provision/effective-multi-agency-working.aspx. Last accessed 18/9/14.

Experiment to Compare the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Experiment to Compare the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Introduction: This plan will try to outline how the experiment of comparing changes of combustion of different alcohols will be conducted and what results are expected. Background When chemical reactions take place they are often accompanied by energy changes. Chemical reactions most frequently occur in open vessels. That is, they take place at constant pressure. Enthalpy refers to energy at constant pressure (volume may vary). Enthalpy: An example is best to illustrate to show enthalpy works. Methane - how much energy does its molecules contain? The first thing needed is the amount of methane present = 1 mole (16 g). What ever its value, the total amount of energy in a given amount of a substance (sometimes called the Heat energy content) is known as the enthalpy, denoted H. Methane is a fuel to get energy from it, react it with oxygen. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) The above chemical equation shows that 2 moles (64 g) of oxygen molecules are required to burn 1 mole of methane. Again, it is impossible to know the total enthalpy (heat energy content) of the oxygen. Likewise, we can't know the total heat energy content of 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O (the products). Enthalpy Change H = (HCO2 + 2HH2O) - (HCH4 + 2HO2) In general, H = Hproducts - Hreactants But remember, this is theoretical; it is not possible to determine the absolute value of the enthalpy of a chemical element or compound. However, H values for chemical reactions can be obtained. They can be measured experimentally, or calculated using Hess's Law (see later), or worked out in other ways. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions When chemical reactions take place they are often accompanied by heat changes. The system (the reactants which form products) may give out heat to the surroundings, causing them to warm up. In this case the reactants have more stored energy (greater total enthalpy) than the products. Such chemical reactions are said to be exothermic. The system may take heat from the surroundings, causing them to cool down. In this case the reactants have less stored energy (less total enthalpy) than the products. Such chemical reactions are said to be endothermic. Exothermic reactions give out energy to the surroundings. Endothermic reactions take energy from the surroundings. Most reactions take place at constant pressure... It is possible to measure changes in heat energy that accompany chemical reactions. Most reactions take place in vessels that are open to the atmosphere, that is, they take place at constant pressure (volume may vary). The special name given to a change in heat energy content measured at constant pressure is enthalpy change.

Negotiation-Real World Reflection

â€Å"Real world† negotiation reflection Introduction As the senior manager, I finish the annual performance evaluation of my team members in January. After finishing evaluation I will hold interviews with them, talk about their efforts and the plans for this year. Lilly is one of my team members with a better knowledge of the logistics industry. Based on her performance in 2012, her annual performance is rated B+ and she can get 8% increase in year-end bonuses. In addition, I plan to promote her as a team leader responsible for the logistics software products promotion in the northern market.Since our company’s business development in 2013 will increase the input in the northern market, I expect the annual sales income in 2013 will increase by 30% under the expected market goals achieved; as a team leader, Lilly’s personal annual income will increase by 15% -20%, depends on the sales commission. But because of some family reasons, she may not be willing to trave l for a long time. Before the interview, I heard another message: Lilly was dissatisfied for her personal income being less than another team member, Han, who joined the team in the beginning of 2012.In addition, Lilly has been worked as a consultant for almost 5 years and she feels a little boring on this work. Due to marketing sales job vacancies in our company, she wants to try the position as a sales manager, in order to get a new working experience and get more time to take care of her family. Preparation Planning Document What issues are most important to you? 1. Retain Lilly as my team member. 2. Promote her as the team leader responsible for the northern market. | What issues are most important to your counterpart? 1. Dissatisfaction with her personal income. 2.Can the company provide the new challenges on the consultant job? 3. Cannot travel a lot due to family reasons. | What is your BATNA? 1. Retain Lilly as my team member without promotion since she won’t be willi ng to travel a lot. Continue working as the consultant with expected 5-8% annual income increase. The annual income will be less than now if she shifts to the sales position. 2. Change the bonus distribution, increasing the commission from 2% to 2. 5%, after promoting her as the team leader. 3. If she needs long-term business, over 1 month, she can go home once a weekend every two weeks or get extra 2 days’ vacation.Reservation Value? 1. Increase the commission from 2% to 3%, after promoting her as the team leader. 2. Increase annual vacation time from 10 days to 20 days. Target? Promote her as the team leader responsible for the northern market. | What is your counterpart’s BATNA? 1. Shift to the sales position which may provide challenge work. 2. Keep the consultant position, ask for a better salary. 3. Accept the promotion and get a much higher annual income. Reservation Value? 1. Make her annual income increasing 10% or more. 2. Try something new. 3. Stay in the ci ty and take care of her family.Target? To find a new work with both satisfaction payment and more time to take care of her family. | What are your sources of power? Right to promotion. Provide the new challenges on the consultant job. Provide appropriate holiday adjustment. Right to bonus distribution. | What are your counterpart’s sources of power? Shift to the sales position. Ask for a higher salary or business allowance. Ask for more vacation time. | What is your opening move / first strategy? Talk about her annual performance, and tell her the coming promotion. Compare the annual income before and after promotion.Attract her by the challenge as a team leader. | Other important or unique information / considerations:How long is the travel time she can accept? Her family situation;Is there anything I can do for her or give her some suggestions? | Negotiation Since we now live in different cities, I decided to use the video call interview. Different with telephone conversati on, video call can help me to adjust my negotiating strategy by observing the changes in her face. I started with telling her the purpose for this conversation. Talked about the things the company measures for her position; her contribution to revenue or costs.Based on her performance in 2012, her annual performance is rated B+ and she can get 8% increase in her year-end bonuses. Then, I went to the promotion issue. I analyzed the marketing strategy of our company; the northern market should be one of the most important markets in 2013. Therefore, I need to promote a team leader who can manage the consultant team for northern market. Based on her excellent consultant skill and knowledge of the logistics industry, she is the best man for this position. Lilly showed her satisfaction with the result of annual performance evaluation and was pleased with the chance to be a team leader.But she said she wanted to change to sales department in order to have more time to take care of her fam ily. Since I know that it could not easy to get more time if being a sales manager, I didn’t consider it as the real reason for her shift. Through conversation, I learned that the real reason was her personal annual income was less than Han, which made her feel uncomfortable. I thought I should focus on the income first. Firstly, shifting to sales department was not a good choice since the income will decrease. Continue working as the consultant with expected 5-8% annual income increase.Secondly, I explained that she and Han held different position, their income can’t be compared. Although I cannot tell the specific income data, I consider their income is close. Moreover, if she got the promotion, her annual income should be increased to a higher level. After that, I explained the details of the promotion: the sales commission will be increased from 2% to 2. 5%, after promoting her as the team leader, which means her personal annual income will increase by 15% -20%. Li lly was attracted by the condition, but she still worried about the challenge she will face to and how to deal with the family issues.I told her I can support her work which she didn’t need to be worried about. For family issues, there are two choices: one is getting extra 2 days’ vacation after a 1 month long-term business trip; another is increasing annual vacation time from 10 days to 20 days. She agreed with the latter one at last. Before we ended the conversation, Lilly said she will talk with the coming change with her families, in order to get their support. I think she will convince her families and take the position. Conclusion The result of the negotiation is successful.I do a pretty good preparation work by determine my bottom line and BATNA in time and good strategy can give me the chance to handle the negotiation follow my own idea. Mutual trust is very important in this negotiation process. Because the real reason for her shift was her personal annual inc ome was less than Han, which made her feel uncomfortable. I can’t deny the fact because I need to build the mutual trust. But I can change the way to discuss the income issue and courage her to keep the position. I found out the solution and I got my target at last.

Books are Mass Media Essay

In the aspect of communication, there are many elements and factors commonly considered in the pursuit of achieving effectiveness in this field. Among the different concerns are the two main elements namely the medium to be as the vehicle of the communication and the target audience to which the idea aimed to have an impact upon. Considering these two factors is important to achieve the desired effectiveness in the communication field particularly as required by the significance of the information to be transmitted. Considering the factor of audience population range, the element of medium is considered important as this is directly relative to the effective achievement of the distribution and scope aim of the communication. In the said concern, the role of books as a medium for mass media is commonly debated upon as the nature of this element commonly contradict the definition of mass communication considering its application in the actual scenario. For the book to achieve successfully its communication cycle, it must be written and read by its target population thus, imparting the idea and information contained in its pages. However, in the actual population, books are not always preferred and patronize by the public as resulted from its sales percentages compare thus, making its saturation level in the population awareness to be somewhat insignificant. However, despite of the said nature of the book medium, the approach of book publication is still considered as a form of mass media in terms of its communication influence. In actual view, the publication sale of each book does not generally reflect its influence wherein eventhough a book’s sale is low, the spread of its ideas contained in its pages still expand through its impact on the few readers. Indeed, as part of the circulation and communication cycle of each book, the primary reader is influenced by the book and after which he or she communicates the said idea to others thus, creating the mass population scope of the said book in terms of its communication capability. In addition, books are also effective medium for storing and continuously expanding its influence, as their ideas are effectively preserve within their pages and the readers who are affected by their topics. This influence can be realized in the actual impact of some books that left notable impact on the society in terms of their influence in mass media communication such as the book The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith, Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, Noli me Tangere by Jose Rizal, War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy, The Kite Runner by Khaled Housinni, and others which have influenced large population regardless of their lesser publication sales. In general, the impact of books in terms of mass communication is not only reflected upon its publication sales and economic value but in terms of its influence and effectiveness on enticing the interest and emotion of its mass audience. With this nature and capability, the book medium indeed is considered as a medium for mass communication able to promote ideas and concepts for wide range and scale of human population. Bibliography Hoveyda, Fereydoun (2000). The Hidden Meaning of Mass Communications: Cinema, Books, and Television in the Age of Computers. Praeger Publishers. ISBN-10: 0275969967.

ROSS Surname Meaning and Family History

ROSS Surname Meaning and Family History The Ross surname has Gaelic origins and, depending upon the origin of the family, could have several different meanings: From ros, a peninsula, isthmus, or promontory signifying someone who lived on a headland.From rhos, Welsh for moor or bog; signifying someone who lived near a moor.From rose and rosh, signifying a valley or dale between hills.A descriptive name from the Middle English rous, meaning red-haired.A habitational name for one who came from the district of Ross, in Scotland.  Or from Rots near Caen in Normandy. Ross is the 89th most popular surname in the United States. Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  ROSSE, ROS Famous People With the Surname ROSS Betsy Ross (born  Griscom):  widely credited with making the first American flagMarion Ross: American actress; best known for her role as Mrs. C on the 1970s sitcom Happy DaysNellie Ross (born Tayloe): first woman in the U.S. to serve as governor, and the first to direct the U.S. mint Where the Ross Surname Is Most Common According to surname distribution from  Forebears, the Ross surname today is most prevalent in the United States but is found in the greatest numbers (based on population percentage) in Scotland. It ranks as the 1,083rd most common surname in the world- and ranks among the top 100 surnames in Scotland (14th), Canada (36th), New Zealand (59th), Australia (69th) and the United States (79th). Surname maps from  WorldNames PublicProfiler  indicate slightly different numbers from Forebears, putting the Ross surname as most common in Australia and New Zealand, based on frequency per million people. Within Scotland, the Ross surname is found in the greatest numbers in northern Scotland, including the Highlands, Aberdeenshire, Moray, and Angus. Genealogy Resources for the Surname  Ross 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their Meanings: Smith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census?Ross DNA Project: The Ross Family DNA Project seeks to use Y-DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogy research to enable Ross families to determine if they share a common ancestor with other Ross families.  This project welcomes all derivatives of the surname (Ross, Ros, etc.).Ross  Family Crest - Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Ross  family crest or coat of arms for the Ross surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.ROSS  Family Genealogy Forum: Search this popular genealogy forum for the Ross  surname to find others who might be researching your ancestor s, or post your own Ross query. FamilySearch - ROSS  Genealogy: Explore over 5.2  million  results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Ross surname and variations on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.GeneaNet - Ross  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Ross surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Ross Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Ross surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

The Setting for Williams A Streetcar Named Desire

The Setting for Williams' 'A Streetcar Named Desire' The setting for A Streetcar Named Desire is a modest, two-room flat in New Orleans. This simple set is viewed by the various characters in sharply contrasting ways- ways that directly reflect the dynamics of the characters. This clash of views speaks to the heart of the plot of this popular play. An Overview of the Setting A Streetcar Named Desire, written by Tennessee Williams is set in the French Quarter of New Orleans. The year is 1947- the same year in which the play was written. All of the action of A Streetcar Named Desire takes place on the first floor of a two-bedroom apartment.The set is designed so that the audience can also see outside and observe characters on the street. Blanches View of New Orleans Theres a classic episode of The Simpsons in which Marge Simpson lands the role of Blanche DuBois in a musical version of A Streetcar Named Desire. During the opening number, the Springfield cast sings: New Orleans!Stinking, rotten, vomiting, vile!New Orleans!Putrid, brackish, maggoty, foul!New Orleans!Crummy, lousy, rancid, and rank! After the show aired, the Simpsons producers received a lot of complaints from Louisiana citizens. They were highly offended by the disparaging lyrics. Of course, the character of Blanche DuBois, the faded Southern belle without a dime, would completely agree with the cruel, satirical lyrics. To her, New Orleans, the setting of A Streetcar Named Desire,  represents the ugliness of reality. To Blanche, the crude people that live on the street called Elysian Fields represent the decline of civilized culture. Blanche, the tragic protagonist of Tennessee Williams play, grew up on a plantation called Belle Reve (a French phrase meaning beautiful dream). Throughout her childhood, Blanche was accustomed to gentility and wealth. As the estates wealth evaporated and her loved ones died off, Blanche held on to fantasies and delusions. Fantasies and delusions, however, are very difficult to cling to in the basic two-room apartment of her sister Stella, and specifically in the company of Stellas domineering and brutal husband, Stanley Kowalski. The Two-Room Flat A Streetcar Named Desire takes place two years after the end of World War II. The entire play is staged in the cramped flat in a particularly low-income area of the French Quarter. Stella, Blanches sister, has left her life at Belle Reve in exchange for the exciting, passionate (and sometimes violent) world that her husband Stanley has to offer. Stanley Kowalski thinks of his small apartment as his kingdom. During the day, he works in a factory. At night he enjoys bowling, playing poker with his buddies, or making love to Stella. He sees Blanche as an intruder to his environment. Blanche occupies the room adjacent to theirs- so close that it impinges on their privacy. Her garments are strewn about the furniture. She adorns lights with paper lanterns to soften their glare. She hopes to soften the light in order to look younger; she also hopes to create a sense of magic and charm within the apartment. However, Stanley does not want her fantasy world to encroach upon his domain. In the play, the tightly-squeezed setting is a key factor in the drama: It provides instant conflict. Art and Cultural Diversity in the French Quarter Williams offers multiple perspectives on the plays setting. In the plays beginning, two minor female characters are chatting. One woman is black, the other white. The ease with which they communicate demonstrates the casual acceptance of diversity in the French Quarter. Williams is presenting here a view of the neighborhood as having a thriving, exuberant atmosphere, one that nurtures an open-minded sense of community. In the low-income world of Stella and Stanley Kowalski, racial segregation appears to be nonexistent, a sharp contrast to the elitist realms of the old South (and Blanche Dubois childhood). As sympathetic, or pathetic, as Blanche may appear throughout the play, she often says intolerant remarks about class, sexuality (in the case of her homosexual husband who was devastated by her negative comments), and ethnicity. In fact, in an ironic moment of dignity (given his brutality in other contexts), Stanley insists that Blanche refer to him as an American (or at least Polish-American) rather than use the derogatory term: Polack. Blanches refined and disappeared world was one of brutal racism and denigration. The beautiful, refined world she longs for never existed. In the present as well, Blanche maintains this blindness. For all of Blanches preaching about poetry and art, she cannot see the beauty of the jazz and blues which permeate her present setting. She is trapped in a so-called refined, yet racist past and Williams, highlighting the contrast to that past, celebrates the uniquely American art form, the music of the blues. He uses it to provide transitions for many of the plays scenes. This music can be seen to represent the change and hope in the new world, but it goes unnoticed to Blanches ears. Belle Reves style of aristocracy has died away and its art and genteel customs are no longer relevant to Kowalskis post-war America. Gender Roles After World War II The war brought innumerable changes to American society. Millions of men traveled overseas to face the Axis powers, while millions of women joined the workforce and the war effort at home. Many women discovered for the first time their independence and tenacity. After the war, most of the men returned to their jobs. Most of the women, often reluctantly, returned to the roles as homemakers. The home itself became the site of a new clash. This post-war tension between the roles of the sexes is another, very subtle thread in the conflict in the play. Stanley wants to dominate his home in the same way males had dominated American society before the war. While the main female characters in Streetcar, Blanche and Stella, are not women who are seeking the socio-economic independence of the workplace, they are women who had money in their youth and, to that degree, were not subservient. This theme is most evident in Stanleys well-known quote from Scene 8: What do you think you are? A pair of queens? Now just remember what Huey Long said- that every mans a king- and Im the King around here, and dont you forget it. Contemporary audiences of Streetcar would have recognized, in Stanley, the male side of what was a new society-wide tension. The modest two-room flat that Blanche disdains is this working mans kingdom and he will rule. Stanleys exaggerated drive for domination indeed extends, at the end of the play, to the most extreme form of domination, rape.

China as an economic power in the world Research Paper

China as an economic power in the world - Research Paper Example For this to happen, the Chinese government needs to implement policies that fasten China’s transition to an economy that is a free market. In addition, it should address issues to do with growing income disparities, enhance innovation and production, as well as boost the protection of the environment. The country’s gross domestic product has grown at an annual rate of about 10%. China has risen rapidly as a major economic power within a span of about three decades. The rapid economic growth has led to an increase in commercial ties with the United States. As compared to the U.S, China is less developed but analysts predict that China will become the largest in the next five years. Many U.S companies have operations in China and the main reason is to have the ability to sell their products in the flourishing Chinese market and to take advantage of cheap labor for the exporting goods. These operations have made some U.S firms more competitive internationally and have managed to supply the U.S consumers with a range of goods at a low cost. However, the rise of China as a major economic power has brought challenges among the U.S policy makers. There have been claims that China uses practices that amount to unfair trade to flood the U.S market with goods that are of low cost. In addition, the growing use of industrial policies to protect the indigenous Chinese industries and the widespread failure to take action against the infringement of the U.S intellectual property rights pose as a threat to the U.S intensive industries (Jacques, 2009). Others contend that the country has a growing demand for energy and raw materials and its surfacing to be the country that emits the most greenhouse gases. China faces a number of challenges as much as the Chinese government supports the maintenance of social stability as one of the ways of growing the economy. The challenges may dampen the growth of the county’s future by distorting economic